11. Mitigating corruption in sustainment and contracting

Introduction to key mitigation

Mitigating corruption risks in operational sustainment and contracting can be one of the most difficult anti-corruption activities that international missions can undertake. This is due to tight operational timelines and requirements, limited resources, insecure environments that make oversight more difficult, and a lack of guidance and practice in approaching contracting as a key operational consideration.

Costs and benefits

As with all anti-corruption measures, there are trade-offs involved when deciding what to prioritise and how much additional expertise and manpower is necessary. Measures such as contractor due diligence, better oversight and application of administrative sanctions require planning, time and expertise; they might also lengthen contract fulfilment timelines. In the longer term, however, they are likely to result in better-quality goods and services being delivered, and therefore shorten the timelines later on during the intervention. Importantly, these measures will also enable the mission to gain a more comprehensive, accurate understanding of the operational environment, and to avoid blind spots related to ill-controlled financial flows strengthening criminal groups or mission adversaries.

Constituent mitigations for:

11. Mitigating corruption in sustainment and contracting

These constituent mitigations provide further guidance on effective anti-corruption mitigation measures for military operations.

11.1 Making sustainment and contracting ‘Commander’s business’

Ensure that sustainment is seen as part of the overall operational design and as key to achieving mission goals.

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11.2 Ensuring appropriate levels of expertise among mission personnel

Equip contracting officers with the skills and knowledge to conduct an effective procurement and contract delivery process, and to recognise anomalies.

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11.3 Promoting competition: disseminating information about tenders

International missions should promote competition by disseminating information about tenders and contracting opportunities through a variety of means.

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11.4 Promoting competition: merit- and integrity-based requirements

Use sustainment processes, including bidding requirements, to promote and reward higher integrity and performance standards among contractors.

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11.5 Performing supply chain due diligence

Verify supplier performance history, integrity record, ownership and links to malign actors.

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11.6 Limited reliance on and control of subcontractors, agents and intermediaries

Mitigate corruption risks by limiting and/or controlling the use of third parties in the supply chain. Impose obligations on primary contractors with regard to controlling the performance and integrity record of subcontractors.

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11.7 Training and awareness raising for contractors and subcontractors

Offer integrity training and awareness raising on corruption and integrity to contractors and subcontractors.

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11.8 Transparency in contracting

Release information about local sustainment contracts and development funds, in order to enable external scrutiny and increase the likelihood of irregularities getting noticed.

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11.9 Contract oversight

Ensure that contract performance and delivery is overseen closely and regularly. Monitor financial flows for links with malign actors.

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11.10 Sanctioning contractors: suspension and debarment (S&D)

Use administrative sanctions, in addition to criminal sanctions, to increase the cost of corruption.

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11.11 Tracking and monitoring for asset disposal

Establish procedures for divesting unnecessary assets that ensure they are tracked and do not enrich corrupt networks. Implement end user monitoring similar to that applied to security assistance programmes.

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